Baby penguins — also known as “chicks” — are among the cutest and most fascinating animals on Earth. But behind their adorable look is a world full of survival challenges, unique parenting, extreme climate adaptation, and surprising intelligence.

In this guide, you will learn everything about baby penguins, from their birth to adulthood, including their diet, habitat, behavior, dangers, conservation status, and emotional facts.

What is a Baby Penguin Called?

A baby penguin is called a “chick.”

• A group of chicks staying together is called a crèche (like a kindergarten).
• A baby Emperor penguin chick is covered with silver-grey fluffy down.
• Their parents recognize them only by voice, not by looks.

Birth & Early Life of a Baby Penguin

The Egg Stage

Depending on the species, female penguins lay 1–2 eggs.
The most unique part:

• In Emperor Penguins, the father holds the egg on his feet for 65–75 days in freezing −40°C temperatures.
• The mother travels up to 80 km to bring food.

Hatching

Baby penguins break the eggshell using a small sharp spot called a “egg tooth.”

Hatching can take 2–3 days, because penguin chicks are extremely fragile.

First Days After Birth

A newborn penguin:

• Cannot walk properly
• Cannot maintain body heat
• Cannot find food
• Depends completely on its parents

Parents feed newborn chicks a special mixture called “penguin milk” — a semi-digested food regurgitated by the mother or father.

What Do Baby Penguins Look Like?

Baby penguins don’t look like adult penguins. They have:

• Soft fluffy down feathers
• Round face with a small beak
• Big black eyes
• Short flippers
• Grey, brown, or white color depending on species

They cannot swim until they grow waterproof feathers.

How Baby Penguins Survive Extreme Cold

Baby penguins survive Antarctica through:

Parental Warmth: Parents keep chicks in a body-warm pocket called a brood pouch.

Huddling Behavior: Groups of chicks stand tightly packed to conserve warmth.

Down Feathers: The fluffy coat traps air for insulation — but is not waterproof, so they avoid water until older.

What Do Baby Penguins Eat?

Baby penguins eat:

• Regurgitated fish
• Regurgitated krill
• Squid
• Sometimes a high-fat “milk” produced by parents

Adult penguins can store food in their throats for up to 24 hours to feed their young.

When Do Baby Penguins Learn to Walk & Swim?

Walking: Around 2–3 weeks, chicks begin small steps.

Swimming: Between 2–4 months, once waterproof feathers grow.

Swimming is the most dangerous stage, because chicks face predators like:

• Leopard seals
• Sea lions
• Orcas (killer whales)

Types of Baby Penguins

Penguin Species	Baby Color	Egg Count	Special Feature
Emperor Penguin	Silver-grey	1	Father incubates egg
King Penguin	Brown	1	Longest chick stage (up to 1 year)
Adelie Penguin	Grey/White	2	Fastest-growing chicks
Gentoo Penguin	Brown/Grey	2	Learn to swim very early
African Penguin	Grey/Black	2	Lives in warm climate

Threats Faced by Baby Penguins

Baby penguins are highly vulnerable. Major threats include:

Natural Predators

• Skua birds
• Giant petrels
• Leopard seals
• Orcas

Climate Change

Melting ice reduces breeding areas.

Lack of Food

Overfishing decreases krill — their main diet.

Human Activities

• Oil spills
• Coastal development
• Marine pollution

Conservation Status

Several penguin species are now threatened:

• Emperor Penguin — Near Threatened
• African Penguin — Endangered

Penguin conservation efforts include:

• Protecting nesting beaches
• Reducing overfishing
• Marine protected areas
• Rescue & rehabilitation centers

Facts About Baby Penguins

• They identify their parents by sound, not sight.
• They cry loudly when hungry — sounds similar to human babies.
• Baby Emperor penguins sometimes “sing” when warm and happy.
• Some chicks form deep bonds with caretakers in rescue centers.

FAQs About Baby Penguins

1. Do baby penguins drink milk?

A: Not real milk — they drink a food mixture regurgitated by their parents.

2. Can baby penguins swim?

A: Not until they get waterproof feathers (2–4 months).

3. What is a baby Emperor penguin called?

A: A chick — with a silver-grey fluffy body.

4. How long do baby penguins stay with parents?

A: Up to 5 months, depending on species.